Calculate allele and genotype frequencies using the Hardy-Weinberg equation. Supports allele frequencies, phenotype counts, and genotype counts with chi-square equilibrium testing.
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Data sourced from NCBI and peer-reviewed research databases
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p² + 2pq + q² = 1
Leave empty to auto-calculate (q = 1 − p)
The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that allele and genotype frequencies remain constant across generations in a population when five conditions are met: no mutation, random mating, no natural selection, infinitely large population, and no gene flow.
In practice, no real population perfectly meets all conditions, but the principle serves as a null model. Deviations from HW equilibrium indicate that evolutionary forces are acting on the population.
The chi-square test (genotype count mode) tests whether observed genotype frequencies significantly deviate from expected HW proportions. With df = 1 and α = 0.05, the critical value is 3.841.